Solar Energy is considered the cleanest and the most accessible energy source in the world. Its application is also one of the best electrification and energy transmission methods than other energy transmission models for outlying villages in terms of costs, transportation, maintenance, and similar factors. Accordingly, one of the critical studies on the context of exploitation of this energy is the possibility of establishing and identifying susceptive areas. In this study, the amount of solar energy entering the earth's surface and the number of cloudiness days were studied based on the studied area's meteorological data. Also, we designed and simulated solar photovoltaic power plants through the Meteorological Data on Virtual model. The solar analyzer function in the ArcGIS commercial closed environment was used to estimate the entering radiation to the earth's surface in the studied area. To study the number of cloudiness days has been used from the mentioned area's weather station data. The results showed that the solar analyzer function showed four months of the year available for full exploitation of these systems. The highest amount of radiation occurred after July. Optimal radiation conditions continue until November. In some days of the remaining months, this energy has been confronted with limitations. Nine villages were identified with the highest solar power utilization in the present study. Villages include the following: Kuran, Hurseen, Bavan, Barduk, Betic, Mareush, Jolfan, Sin Abad and Gudel.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The problem of energy saving and the transition to technologies that allow to partially or completely move away from the use of gas and other fossil fuels are a priority in Ukraine today. By consuming traditional energy sources using outdated technologies for energy supply of industrial facilities, Ukraine consumes 3-4 times more fuel per unit of Gross Domestic Product compared to developed countries. For industrial enterprises, the energy intensity of costs is 35-40% of the total cost. At the same time, obsolete fixed assets, especially its active part (the degree of physical wear and tear of industrial equipment is 60-65%), are characterized by a large share of energy and heat loss. METHODS: Modeling, structural analysis, and theoretical research based on current advances in the theory and practice of creating energy-efficient buildings using energy from alternative sources. FINDINGS: Calculations and structural analysis of costs by stages of the life cycle of the design solution of the hot water supply and heating system with energy-efficient fencing and heat pump have been made. Peculiarities of calculation of assessment and design solutions in accordance with the Ukrainian legislation have been determined. The study has been conducted in seven Ukrainian industrial enterprises in the energy sector. CONCLUSION: It is determined that the structural analysis of costs by stages of the project life cycle on the basis of standard costing should be used at the stage of designing a new power system or upgrading an existing one through marketing research. All this will contribute to the formation of a fundamentally new approach to solving technical and economic problems of the introduction of modernized energy supply systems for industrial purpose.

One of the crucial challenges within the optimal operation of smart cities is coordinated management of multiple energy carriers in the residential buildings owing to disparate and often conflicting objectives. In response to this challenge, this paper proposes a novel conceptual cost-emission-based scheme for optimal energy-gas use in a smart home in the context of residential energy hubs considering a meaningful trade-off between cost saving and environmental protection. Various energy conversion resources containing energy and heat storage systems, rooftop photovoltaic modules, and also combined heat and power units along with responsible electrical and thermal loads are taken into account in the proposed model. Furthermore, an efficient stochastic scenario-based method is executed to tackle the intense uncertainty associated with photovoltaic production. The proposed model reduces domestic energy consumption and utility costs by incorporating a weighted summation mixed objective function under various system constraints and user preferences, while at t the same time optimal task scheduling and comfort for the resident that it can guarantee a good lifestyle. The presented scheme is carried out on a realistic case study equipped with energy hubs and as expected, introduces its applicability and effectiveness in the optimal energy management of the proposed residential energy hub problem. The simulation results confirm that energy procurement costs can be saved by up to 46.16% and emission costs by 34.07% while maintaining the desired level of comfort for the head of the household.

Microgrid and smart electrical grids are among the new concepts in power systems that support new technologies within themselves. Electric cars are some advanced technologies that their optimized use can increase grid efficiency. The modern electric cars sometimes, through the necessary infrastructure and proper management, can serve as an energy source to supply grid loads. This study was conducted to investigate the energy management for production and storage resources. For this purpose, we considered the market price of energy, the prices quoted by distributed generation sources, and electric vehicles in the grid and responsive loads. The load response programs used include the time of use and direct load control. The problem has a linear mixed-integer planning structure that was simulated using the GAMS software. The results show that with this planning, the proposed load response programs have a positive impact on cost reduction.

he study highlights the importance to develop the national economy through assuring energy security. The study aims to analyze how to develop renewable energy sources, determine the main priorities of Ukraine’ s national security policy and discover novel ways of assuring energy security due to developing the industry of renewable energy in the light of environmental safety, energy conservation and efficiency. The following scientific methods were employed: synthesis and analysis – to determine the essence and significance of RES in order to assure energy security; theoretical generalization – to single out the main stages of renewable energy development; classification – to classify the main advantages of introduction of RES, as well as the obstacles to their implementation; logical generalization – to justify the relevance, aim and objectives of the study; the method of rising from the abstract to the concrete – to develop and justify the ways of assuring energy security provided that renewable production is developed. The following results are obtained: the main conditions for developing RE are determined; some relevant issues of energy efficiency and assurance of Ukraine’ s energy security are justified; significant potential of Ukraine’ s renewable energy industry is discovered and analyzed; target values Ukraine seeks to achieve with the help of the energy generated from RES in final energy consumption are analyzed; the main criteria for developing Ukraine’ s fuel and energy complex are revealed and the key branch ratio values of the state’ s energy balance are determined.

The problem of neutral current compensation has to be addressed in Wind Energy integrated weak microgrids. This study analyses two types of techniques possible for implementation of neutral current compensation by drawing a comparative research of their application on the same wind energy conversion system. The hybrid microgrid considered in the study comprises a synchronous diesel generator and an inverter-based wind generator. The results and analysis are conducted by time-domain simulations using MATLAB/Simulink software. The use of electronic power converters that also act as an active neutral current compensator or a zig-zag transformer connected with the load mitigates the problem of neutral current compensation to a large extent. The voltage unbalance factor is also significantly reduced due to neutral current compensation and power quality is enhanced. The results provide the actual operational limits possible under the set of given constraints.

The research focuses on evaluating the energetic and exergetic sights of a newly developed multigeneration system utilizing geothermal energy and PVT solar collectors to create electricity, cooling, heat, hydrogen, and fresh water. This setup includes an organic Rankine cycle, a single-effect absorption chiller, a heat pump, a RO desalination unit and a PEM electrolyzer. The EES software was utilized to analyze thermodynamic and various parameters. Findings indicate that the system achieves energetic and exergetic outcomes of 10.29% and 36.77%, respectively. The net power output of the system totals 2004.86 kW, primarily driven by the ORC turbine. In addition, the cooling system realizes energetic and exergetic COPs of 0.54 and 0.22 based on the specified hypothesis. The system generates hydrogen at a daily rate of 796.8 kg and freshwater at a rate of 5.52 kg/s. Exergy destruction rate analysis reveals that the organic Rankine cycle suffers the most significant exergy loss.

Using of biomass for energy purpose in the path of sustainable energy supply and in response to increasing energy demand can be an effective solution. Biofuel reduces global warming impacts, which is today the main concern of the countries of the world by lowering greenhouse emissions and dependency of fossil fuels. Briquettes and pellets, as solid biofuels, are the most direct way of using energy from biological sources, because they only need a densification process instead of complex thermochemical and biochemical treatments. Densification process by applying pressure and temperature produces fuel briquettes and, which results in elastic and plastic deformations in biomass, increases density in biomass. Moreover energy density and durability in produced solid fuel increases. Creation of solid bridges between particle and mechanical interlocking, to density of its components, is a possible mechanism of particle bonding. Proximate and ultimate analyses can be used to measurement of intrinsic properties of particles such as ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and heating value that can deeply affect on combustion process. Also, fuel briquettes and pellets are qualitatively measured with properties such as density, durability and calorific value. Combustion of solid fuels involves drying mass loss stages, devolatilization and combustion of char. The major problem of solid biofuels is the amount of ash in comparison with coal, which results in fouling and corrosion on equipment. However, different researches can focus on reducing ash problems.

The present article intends to understand the place of energy sources in analysis of foreign policy in different realist theories. The finding shows that different theories of realism is a suitable analytical starting point for the study of the importance of energy source in foreign policy. The reason is that the realist theories do not undervalue the strategic importance of energy source and they do not consider statesmen as actors with mere economic objectives. Realism looks at energy sources as an element of power and for this reason it gives special place to it for forming the behavior of the states. Of course, among different branches of realism, the neo-classical realism due to its simultaneous attention to system level and domestic level variables can accurately explain how energy sources influence the foreign policy behavior.